Uganda is richly endowed with a diverse array of mineral resources, making it an emerging hotspot for mining in East Africa. From gold and copper to rare earth elements, the country holds vast untapped potential that is increasingly attracting attention from both local and international investors.
Strategic Importance of the Mining Sector: The mining industry has been earmarked as a key driver of economic transformation under Uganda Vision 2040 and the Fourth National Development Plan (NDP IV). The sector is not only seen as a catalyst for industrialization and job creation, but also as a potential source of revenue for national development.
Legal and Institutional Framework
The Mining and Minerals Act, 2022 ushered in a new era for Uganda’s mining sector, replacing the outdated 2003 law. The new law: Strengthens licensing and regulatory procedures; Mandates Community Development Agreements (CDAs) to ensure local benefits; and Formalizes and regulates Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM). Oversight is provided by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development (MEMD), through the Department of Geological Survey and Mines (DGSM).
Uganda became a member of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in This commitment reflects a national drive towards transparency, good governance, and accountability in the extractive industries, fostering public trust and improving investment climate. With a robust legal framework, growing investor interest, and a focus on community-inclusive development, Uganda’s mining sector is poised for transformation. As exploration and production activities increase, sustainable management of mineral resources will be key to ensuring long-term socio-economic benefits for the country.
Some of the Key Mining Areas and Opportunities in Uganda
Uganda’s mineral wealth is gradually coming into sharper focus, offering both tremendous economic promise and significant social and environmental challenges. Below is an overview of three notable mining hotspots — Mubende (Kasanda), Zombo, and Mayuge — each at a different stage of development, but all central to Uganda’s mining future.
Mayuge (Busoga Region) – Rare Earth Elements (REEs): Uganda’s Strategic Edge
Mayuge hosts the Makuutu Rare Earth Elements Project, one of Africa’s most advanced ionic clay REE projects, critical for powering global clean energy technologies.
Rwenzori Rare Metals (RRM), granted a 21-year large-scale mining license, is undertaking a project covering 40 km across four districts in the Busoga region, potentially impacting or displacing an estimated 4,867 households, and focusing on rare earth elements such as cerium, dysprosium, and europium—vital for technologies like electric vehicles, wind turbines, and smart electronics.
OPPORTUNITY: Makuutu has the potential to position Uganda as a strategic global supplier of REEs—materials essential for the clean energy transition. With proper planning, this project can drive industrialization, create job opportunities, enhance local livelihoods, and stimulate investment in downstream industries like mineral refining, transport, and logistics.
This publication provides insights into notable mining hotspots in Uganda, the opportunities they present, the anticipated challenges, and the roles of CSOs and the Ugandan government in mineral mining and extraction activities.
Download Publication: An Update on the Current Status of Mining Minerals in Uganda